Overview Saturation flux density (SFD) is a measure of how much power a signal must have to saturate a detector. Flux density is a solid angle measurement in optics, but the typical measurement is ...

Overview FSO communications have built-in interception resistance due to the way information is sent. Consider first how a radio-frequency signal is sent. RF signals are broadcast over an area and are ...

Overview The ITU-R or International Telecommunication Union for Radiocommunications is an international specialized agency of the United Nations that governs the worldwide radio frequency spectrum and ...

Overview The IN-orbit and Networked Optical ground stations experimental Verification Advanced (INNOVA) testbed is a NICT network of optical ground stations (OGSs) spread throughout Japan. INNOVA ...

Overview Hughes Communications is an American satellite internet service provider. The company mostly services customers in rural areas that are beyond the reach of "last mile" wired infrastructure. ...

Introduction High-speed Communication with Advanced Laser Instrument (HICALI), developed by JAXA and NICT, is an upcoming optical communications research program scheduled for launch on the upcoming ...

Overview NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) in the oldest and largest space research center in the United States. GSFC builds spacecraft, satellites, and technologies to study the sun, outer ...

Overview The NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC) is one of ten major NASA field sites with a stated purpose to advance technology in NASA's aeronautics and space missions. Glenn Research Center is based ...

Overview The GS-400 (aka RHINO) is an optical ground station that provides high-throughput uplink and downlink data streams for satellites in LEO. RHINO achieves data rates of 10 Gbps, consumes little ...

Overview The GS-200 (aka ARMADILLO) is an optical ground station (OGS) made by Mynaric for data communication in uplink and downlink. The station is designed to host a 10 Gbps link for any aircraft or ...