Overview Fibertek is a company from Virginia, United States, that designs all mechanical, electrical and optical subsystems for advanced lasers and electro-optic systems. The company also defines ...

Overview Trellis Coded Modulation (TCM) is the combination of convolutional (or trellis) coding and modulation into one step.  A 1/2 convulation code takes one bit and codes it into two bits. ...

Overview Eye safety is a prominent topic for any optics technology. Since FSO products, especially in urban areas, will be directing laser beams into potentially populated areas, laser eye safety is a ...

Overview Error control coding (ECC) is the coding procedure done to control the occurrences of errors. These techniques help in Error Detection and Error Correction. There are many different error ...

Overview Engineering Test Satellite (ETS) is a program name given to certain satellites launched by JAXA (formerly NASDA). The ETS name is followed by the appropriate Roman numeral to indicate the ...

Overview The European Space Agency (ESA), established in 1975 and headquartered in Paris, is a multinational European agency dedicated to exploring space. The ESA consists of 22 member states and has ...

Overview The European Data Relay System (EDRS) is a developing constellation of European relay satellites situated in GEO. EDRS is designed to facilitate communications for spacecraft, LEO satellites, ...

Overview Dynamic routing, also called adaptive routing, is a process for optimizing how data is transmitted. It is comparable to taking the back roads through a city rather than the main road during ...

Overview DSOC, short for Deep Space Optical Communications, is a NASA laser-based space communications program currently in space, consisting of a FSO transceiver aboard the Psyche program spacecraft. ...

Overview The German Aerospace Center (DLR) is the German national research center. DLR focuses primarily on aerospace, energy and transportation projects. Most significantly, DLR acts as the German ...